Racial and ethnic differences are the elements that show social distinction and pronounced diversity. Even through federal policies have tried to diminish this traditional problem of discrimination and segregation across the extent of racial and ethnic groups it has been impossible. The idea on color line remains a complex system of cultural and also institutional patterns, social constructions, and inequality markers.

Sociologist view racial and ethnic groups as aspects that are derived from the social interactions and the way they see social definition in a physical and cultural characteristic. Culture and the social structure usually define life character and behavior. Social definitions cannot be distinguished from the natural outlook or even the traits that define a race including biological characters. But rather it checks on the deeper lying manifestation of an individual and the relation with the associated group. Racial and ethnicity has caused has been a good view of focus, and how this phenomenon has remained to be researched by sociologist and experts. 

A Race is a socially meaningful category of people that share biologically transmitted traits that are essential and considered important. The distinction can be in eye color, differences in skin color this are some of the biological traits that distinguish the two. There can be subdivisions in race; social minority and social majority. A Social majority is a group that is considered to be the most powerful at a particular place and sometimes the largest number. A Social minority is any category that is distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society has subordinated (A.J. Jongman, 117). But how these variations are a basis of social prejudice and the discrimination that racism has to offer, has nothing to do with genetics but rather it is a social phenomenon that is related to outward appearance. A racist is an individual that believes that certain people are superior to others, and approves the art of segregation.

Ethnicity simply refers to a shared cultural heritage, and distinctions that set one group apart from the other. The terms ethnicity and race should not be confusing, race is biologically determined whereas ethnicity has a culture determination. (A.P. Schmid.134)

Racism is something that we have all encountered in a particular time. Categorization of different groups from different races have been categorized such has Africans, Latino, Asian descendants have found acknowledgement to worldwide social acceptance very difficult. The border of ethnicities has touched on social aspects such as education, political representation, income earnings, and social mobility of the people with a different color.

Contemporary racism is derived from the basics of upbringing. As a child one is reliant on the parents for the education and bringing. Some of the virtue includes their opinions distinct in a way, and which a child cannot be able to form because of the lack of matureness. This is where the social problem starts. If a child is told that all Asians are sneaky and that all whites are evil furthermore all blacks are criminals, then that is what a child is going to grow up knowing that is what the child is fed. This has turned to be an adverse effect on the society, parents are supposed to teach their kids telling them about how good it is to be non-racist and to be ethnically upright

Racism makes it ways into our heads through the almighty media. Media becomes a part of our lives as we grow up, whether we want it to be or not. That is a major way in which racism is able to be active for a long time. From the 70`s the media has been feeding us with racial labels. This can be also the reason as to why directors and writers usea racial stereotype to make a more complicated story.

Members of racial and ethnic oppressed group continue to struggle for the equal access of resources and opportunity. This can happen in times of a struggling economic; the targeted group has a lot of difficulties such as finding a well-paying job or even a house. Although there have been a sizeable gain into preventing this but it has always remained. Racism is rampant without even having any extent of boundaries it is even in employment. For many members that are exploited racially and ethnically there will always exist economic depression (Hacker, 19). This has made even research to be carried out where results show that people of color are the last hired and become the first to be fired. This act of budget cutting, downsizing affects the people of color. The  rate of unemployment has been on the increase  for the racially discriminated, In February 1995 the unemployment rate for the African Americans was at a rate of 10.1% while that of the of the Americans was at 4.7% (Berry, 45)

Simply than getting a job, being able to keep the house is often a rather difficult. Landlords have hard the habit of renting houses to families that they consider reliable. Through a racist landlord it is hard to get a house; this act has led to a widespread housing discrimination.

Discrimination and marginalization are the barriers of ethnic and racial minorities they seek to escape poverty (Corcoran, Nicholas Casebolt, 144). Majorly education has an effect on race and ethnicity, where the discriminated attend high poverty schools than the other group. This shows the disparity and thus has an effect on colleges where some universities are not known to occupy some races.

Social stratificationbases its effect and surrounds the concept of ethnicity. Several societies have existed where the act of social stratification has to greater or lesser extent been based on racism as the core causative agent.

Stratification based on ethnic grounds is evident; it is institutionalized and built into political and legal structure through a variety of discriminatory measures. The second group is not because of legal factors but due to a complex interplay of factors which may involve class, status and power.               

In a stratified world one is forced to look at things from their experience in the world. The mostethinicized group has a different view on these social responses. This perspective of seeing the world differently through experience is caused by the fact that the people surrounding them are racial or not. Firstly it is less easy to actually visualize people differently by the social groups they belong too. Social distancing is the ability to describe how different we are from them and by extension how superior we are. This ability has adverse effect on the social structure because one is always inclined to the group that belongs to him, this distancing creates heartbreaks and headaches to most people they don’t know when to be involved or when to shy off from the other group, all this is due to the aspect of race and ethnicity.

Marxistshave the argument that racial discrimination is not due to race or ethnicity but rather the economic tendencies, political structure, that promotes dominant groups from less mighty groups. Ethnic groups are highly marginalized, these groups have a tendency to occupy a weak market position, they lack the required technical skills and the qualifications required to have an improvement in the situation, while they face a higher level of implicit and also explicit racial discrimination.

            Most countries have tried to enhance pluralism where people though they remain different they are distinct due to the basis of their difference they have social equality. This idea is quite hard to sustain in the long term.

            Recent scholars have seen the only way to deal with this ideology or believe is by considering integration. This has come from the most basic belief that segregation is a linchpin if not that then it is racialized hierarchies. The cost of active exclusion remains clear with the call for integration remaining with a lot of contention. (Amanda E. Lewis, 22-36). Discussions for a post racial community have always been on the table. But this is not even near to the truth, systematic racism remains embedded deep in the roots. This case shows that this exclusion comes from deep within and affects the distribution of resources and exclusion (Lelando, 20).

            Racism has always had an extent of being more prejudice but the mainstream analysts have related this to the organization of the logic of prejudice. Racism has always been systematic and has always had an effect on the lives of the affected in a negative way. It is deeply rooted in the society where ethnical differences are also filled in the minds of people (Eduardo Bonnila-Silva, 173-187).

Another social effect of racism and ethnic discrimination is its effect on the immigrants. Racism approaches the immigrants in a structural way. This has made immigrants to undergo different types of torture that may include arrest, detention and even deportation and in a way they even go head and criminalize them (Elizabeth Aranda, 5). This act provides vulnerability in the cases. All these result in legitimate fear among the radicalized immigrants due to their powerful and mighty supervisors that only see them in a racial and ethnic way.

Social movements have not been left behind they have been active in this system. These movements have to be antiracist and their ethnic differentiation has to stand out as upright individuals that are only concentrated with the best for the suppressed. They must deal with this issue despite the supremacy of the majority and resource attainment, political ideology or other factors that may be the hindrance. There has also been the need to prevent the prevailing racial order because it credits ethnic racial agency as the mechanisms that cause social inequities among the groups.

Sociologists have had a concern on the issue of race and ethnicity, this interest was triggered by the discourse that was focused on explaining the race problem, this preceded the development of a scientific sociology (McKee, 23-56). To accompany the development of scientific sociology they lead humans to understand the historical and sociological contexts of the race that is based on the social interaction.

The distinctions between the racial and ethnic groups were usually made clear from the start. Black Americans were often viewed as a unique case. The art of having enough racial information is basically on the art of the government in recognizing and creating racial and ethnic definition.

Despite the continued nondiscrimination and strict affirmative actions that are put in place, the society has always grown farther from that. Different civil right groups have condemned this act of prejudice and improper treatment of the marginalized in terms of their race. Also this act has led to residential segregation and also in schools, this adversely affect the performance of the kid in school. This level of discrimination has been high in schools where the racial minorities sometimes even don’t attend the colleges this is different to the more integrated systems. During the post-civil right act there has been a broad emphasis on race that have been discriminated to have the power to complete high school all  this movement was  in the wake of reducing the racial gap.

In conclusion we see that the act of racism and ethnic segregation has an adverse effect on individuals. It affects the cultural and social aspect of every being and actively manipulates how the society lives with each other. Although various organizations have tried to reject and disqualify such acts, the population has just not headed, making the society to beprofoundly rooted with such inhumanity as I can call it.